Brahmin, Kshatriya etc are Varnas not Castes. There are only 4 Varnas and no Caste anywhere in Vedas.
Varna is a choice, just like any other profession. You can choose if you want to be a Brahmin.
But most people did not because to be a Brahmin meant
- Not allowed to keep wealth
- Need to live on Dakshina
- Can’t do any business
- Profession very limited
- Need to follow strict rules
- More punishment for same crime
A Brahmin who does not perform Sandhyavandanam becomes a Shudra in this birth itself, and a dog in next birth.
Daksha Smrito 2.18-19

Brihadyogi Yajñavalkya Smriti says the same thing.
Any person who does not perform Sandhya becomes a Shudra in this birth itself.

Brahmins, Kshatriyas and Vaishyas are known as Shudras until they get Yajñopavita and start studying Vedas.
Shankh Smriti

Mahabharata says the same thing,
A Shudra can become a Brahmin by attaining good qualities and a Brahmin can become a Shudra similarly.

Even Manusmriti says that a Brahmin becomes Shudra when he keeps the company of bad people.
Manusmriti 4.245

When a Brahmin stops following Vedas, stop following rules, and start eating everything prohibited in Shastras. He / She becomes a Shudra.

King Janashruti (Born in Kshatriya family) was called a Shudra by Rishi Raikva because of his ignorance.
From Chhandogya Upnishad

A Brahmin Becomes a Shudra by selling milk.
Why? because brahmins get cows in donations, using it for earning money is unethical and hence Brahmin becomes Shudra in 3 days.

And there are many more references…

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